गीताभ्यासे अष्टादशोऽध्यायः

 ।। ॐ श्रीपरमात्मने नमः ।। 

अथ गीताभ्यासे मोक्षसंन्यासयोगो नाम अष्टादशोऽध्यायः  

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This गीताभ्यास: is study for learning Sanskrit and Gita together. As studying Sanskrit, the study details पदच्छेदाः, वाक्यांशशः विश्लेषणम्, शब्दाभ्यासाः, छन्दोविश्लेषणम्, As studying Gita, the study details अन्वयार्थाः and स्वाध्यायाः i.e. Notes of self study. i.e. notes of self-study wherein deeper meaning, figures of speech if any, other relevant quotes including verses from other chapters are taken note of by way of "connecting the dots". 

There are 78 श्लोकाः in this अध्यायः. In the first  श्लोकः there is a question by अर्जुनः which is answered by श्रीकृष्णभगवान् in the further 71. After submission by अर्जुनः in the 73rd, balance 5 श्लोकाः are as epilogue by सञ्जयः of all what he has been narrating to King धृतराष्ट्रः. All श्लोकाः have 32 letters each.

गीताभ्यासे १८’१ संन्यासस्य महाबाहो         

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अर्जुन उवाच ।

पदच्छेदैः - अर्जुन: उवाच ।

संन्यासस्य महाबाहो तत्त्वमिच्छामि वेदितुम् ।

पदच्छेदैः - संन्यासस्य महाबाहो तत्त्वम् इच्छामि वेदितुम् ।

त्यागस्य च हृषीकेश पृथक्केशिनिषूदन ॥ १८-१॥

पदच्छेदैः - त्यागस्य च हृषीकेश पृथक् केशिनिषूदन ॥ १८-१॥

वाक्यांशशः विश्लेषणम्  

अनुक्र.	कर्तृपदीयाः	कर्मपदीयाः	अन्ये सुबन्ताः	विधेयाः	अव्ययानि	कृदन्ताः	तिङन्ताः
1	अर्जुन:						उवाच
2		तत्त्वम्	महाबाहो संन्यासस्य			वेदितुम्	इच्छामि
3		(तत्त्वम्)	हृषीकेश केशिनिषूदन त्यागस्य		च पृथक्	(वेदितुम्)	(इच्छामि)

अन्वयशः शब्दाभ्यासा: 

अर्जुन: उवाच  

1. अर्जुन: - अर्जुन वि. अत्र पुं. 1’1 / अर्जुन a. [अर्ज्-उनन् णिलुक् च Uṇ.3.58] (-ना, -नी f.). 1 White, clear, bright, of the colour of day; अहश्च कृष्णमहरर्जुनं च Rv.6.9.1; पिशङ्गमौञ्जीयुजमर्जुनच्छविम् Śi.1.6. -2 Silvery; यत्र वः प्रेङ्खा हरिता अर्जुना Av.4.37.5. -नः 1 The white colour. -2 A peacock. -3 A sort of cutaneous disease. -4 A tree (Mar. अर्जुनसादडा), with useful rind; Mb.3.64.3. -5 N. of the third Pāṇḍava who was a son of Kuntī by Indra and hence called ऐन्द्रि also. [Arjuna was so called because he was 'white' or 'pure in actions' (पृथिव्यां चतुरन्तायां वर्णो मे दुर्लभः समः । करोमि कर्म शुद्धं च तेन मामर्जनं विदुः). He was taught the use of arms by Droṇa and was his favourite pupil. By his skill in arms he won Draupadī at her Svayaṁvara (see Draupadī). For an involuntary transgression he went into temporary exile and during that time he learnt the science of arms from Paraśurāma. He married Ulūpī, a Nāga Princess, by whom he had a son named Irāvat, and also Chitrāṅgadā, daughter of the king of Maṇipura, who bore him a son named Babhruvāhana. During this exile he visited Dvārakā, and with the help and advice of Kṛiṣṇa succeeded in marrying Subhadrā. By her he had a son named Abhimanyu. Afterwards he obtained the bow (Gāṇḍiva from the god Agni whom he assisted in burning the Khāṇḍva forest. When Dharma, his eldest brother, lost the kingdom by gambling, and the five brothers went into exile, he went to the Himālayas to propitiate the gods and to obtain from them celestial weapons for use in the contemplated war against Kauravas. There he fought with Śiva who appeared in the disguise of a Kirāta; but when he discovered the true character of his adversary he worshipped him and Śiva gave him the Pāśupatāstra. Indra, Varuṇa, Yama and Kubera also presented him with their own weapons. In the 13th year of their exile, the Pāṇḍavas entered the service of the King of Virāṭa and he had to act the part of a eunuch, and music and dancing master. In the great war with the Kauravas Arjuna took a very distinguished part. He secured the assistance of Kṛiṣṇa who acted as his charioteer and related to him the Bhagavadgītā when on the first day of the battle he hesitated to bend his bow against his own kinsmen. In the course of the great struggle he slew or vanquished several redoubtable warriors on the side of the Kauravas, such as Jayadratha, Bhīṣma, Karṇa &c. After Yudhiṣṭhira had been installed sovereign of Hastināpura, he resolved to perform the Aśvamedha sacrifice, and a horse was let loose with Arjuna as its guardian. Arjuna followed it through many cities and Countries and fought with many kings. At the city of Maṇipura he had to fight with his own son Babhruvāhana and was killed; but he was restored to life by a charm supplied by his wife Ulūpī. He traversed the whole of Bharatakhaṇḍa and returned to Hastināpura, loaded with spoils and tributes, and the great horse-sacrifice was then duly performed. He was afterwards called by Kṛiṣna to Dvārakā amid the internecine struggles of the Yādavas and there he performed the funeral ceremonies of Vasudeva and Kṛiṣṇa. Soon after this the five Pāṅdavas repaired to heaven having installed Parīkṣit -the only surviving son of Abhimanyu-- on the throne of Hastināpura. Arjuna was the bravest of the Pāṇdavas, high-minded, generous, upright, handsome and the most prominent figure of all his brothers. He has several appellations, such a Pārtha, Gudākeśa, Savyasāchī, Dhanañjaya, Phālguna, Kirītin, Jīṣṇu, Śvetavāhana, Gāṇḍivin &c.] cf. अर्जनः फाल्गुनो जिष्णुः किरीटी श्वेतवाहनः । बीभत्सुर्विजयः कृष्णः सव्यसाची धनञ्जयः ॥ 

2. उवाच - वच्-धातोः (अथवा ब्रू-धातोः) लिटि प्र.पु. एक. / वच् वचँ परिभाषणे (to speak, to tell, to talk) अदादिः, ०२.००५८ परस्मैपदी, द्विकर्मकः, अनिट् / ब्रू ब्रूञ् व्यक्तायां वाचि (to speak, to tell, to explain) अदादिः, ०२.००३९ उभयपदी, द्विकर्मकः, सेट् 

महाबाहो संन्यासस्य तत्त्वम् वेदितुम् इच्छामि  

3. महाबाहो - महाबाहु वि. अत्र पुं. सम्बोधनमेक. / महान्तौ बाहू यस्य सः महाबाहुः (बहुव्रीहिः) / 

1. महान्तौ - महत् वि. अत्र पुं. 1’2 / महत् a. [मह्-अति] (compar. महीयस्; superl. महिष्ठ; nom. महान्, महान्तौ, महान्तः; acc. pl. महतः) 1 Great, big, large, huge, vast; महान् सिंहः, व्याघ्रः &c. -2 Ample, copious, abundant, many, numerous; महाजनः, महान् द्रव्यराशिः. -3 Long, extended, extensive; महान्तौ बाहू यस्य स महाबाहुः; so महती कथा, महानध्वा. -4 Strong, powerful, mighty; as महान् वीरः.

2. बाहू - बाहु पुं. 1’2 / बाहुः [बाध् कु धस्य हः Tv.] 1 The arm; शान्तमिदमाश्रमपदं स्फुरति च बाहुः कुतः फलमिहास्य Ś.1.16; so महाबाहुः &c. 

4. संन्यासस्य - संन्यास पुं. 6’1 / संन्यासः 1 Leaving, abandonment. -2 Complete renunciation of the world and its possessions and attachments, abandonment of temporal concerns; काम्यानां कर्मणां न्यासं संन्यासं कवयो विदुः Bg.18.2; Ms.1.114; 5.108.

5. तत्त्वम् - तत्त्व नपुं. 2’1 / तत्त्वम् (Sometimes written as तत्वम्) 1 True state or condition, fact; वयं तत्त्वान्वेषान्मधुकर हतास्त्वं खलु कृती Ś.1. 23. -2 Truth, reality; न तु मामभिजानन्ति तत्त्वेनातश्च्यवन्ति ते Bg.9.24. -3 True or essential nature; संन्यासस्य महाबाहो तत्त्वमिच्छामि वेदितुम् Bg.18.1;3.28; Ms.1.3;3.96; 5.42. -4 The real nature of the human soul or the material world as being identical with the Supreme Spirit pervading the universe. -5 A true or first principle. -6 An element, a primary substance; तत्त्वान्यबुद्धाः प्रतनूनि येन, ध्यानं नृपस्तच्छिवमित्यवादीत् Bk.1.18. -7 The mind. -8 Sum and substance. -9 Slow time in music. -10 An element or elementary property. 

6. वेदितुम् - विद्-धातोः तुमन्तम् / विद् I. 2 P. (वेत्ति or वेद, विवेद-विदांचकार, अवेदीत्, वेत्स्यति, वेत्तुम्, विदित; desid. विविदिषति) 1 To know, understand, learn, find out, ascertain, discover; न चैतद्विमः कतरन्नो गरीयो यद्वा जयेम यदि वा नो जयेयुः Bg.2.5; तं मोहान्धः कथमय- ममुं वेत्तु देवं पुराणम् Ve.1.23;3.39; Ś.5.27; R.3.43; Bg.4.34;18.1. -2 To feel, experience; परायत्तः प्रीतेः कथमिव रसं वेत्ति पुरुषः Mu.3.4. -3 To look upon, regard, consider, know or take to be; य एनं वेत्ति हन्तारम् Bg.2. 19; विद्धि व्याधिव्यालग्रस्तं लोकं शोकहतं च समस्तम् Moha M.5; Bg.2.17; Ms.1.33; Ku.6.30. 

7. इच्छामि - इष्/इच्छ्-धातोः लटि उ.पु. एक. / इष् I. 6. P. (इच्छति, इयेष, ऐषीत्, एषितुम्-एष्टुम्, इष्ट) 1 To wish, desire, long for; इच्छामि संवर्धितमाज्ञया ते Ku.3.3; oft. with pot. or imperat. mood; इच्छामि भुञ्जीत or भुङ्क्तां भवान्; भुञ्जीयेतीच्छति Sk. -2 To choose; मूत्रेण मौण्ड्यमिच्छेत् तु क्षत्रियो दण्डमेव वा Ms.8.384. -3 To endeavour to obtain, strive or seek for; भूतिमिच्छता, स्वर्गम् &c. -4 To be willing, be about to do anything, mean or intend (with. inf.). -5 To ask or expect anything (acc.) from any one (loc. or abl.); देवेषु यज्ञे भागमीषिरे Śat. Br.

हृषीकेश केशिनिषूदन त्यागस्य च पृथक्  

8. हृषीकेश - वि. अत्र पुं. सम्बोधनमेक. / हृषीकानाम् ईशः हृषीकेशः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः) / 

1. हृषीकानाम् - हृषीक नपुं. 6’3 / हृषीकम् [हृष्-ई कक् Uṇ.4.26] An organ of sense; न मे हृषीकाणि पतन्त्यसत्पथे Bhāg.2.6.33. 

2. ईशः - वि. अत्र पुं. 1’1 / ईश a. [ईश्-क] 1 Owning, possessing, sharing, master or lord of; see below. -2 One who is completely master of anything. -3 Capable of (with gen.) -4 Powerful, supreme. -शः 1 A lord, master; with gen. or in comp.; कथंचिदीशा मनसां बभूवुः Ku.3.34 with great difficulty controlled (were masters of) their minds; so वागीश, सुरेश &c. 

9. केशिनिषूदन - वि. अत्र पुं. सम्बोधनमेक. / केशिनः निषूदनम् येन सः (बहुव्रीहिः) / 

1. केशिन् m. [केश-इनि] 1 A lion. -2 N. of a Rākṣasa slain by Kṛiṣṇa. 

2. निषूदनम् - नपुं. 1’1 / निषूदनम् Killing, slaughter. -नः A killer; as in बलवृत्रनिषूदनः &c.

10. त्यागस्य - त्याग पुं. 6’1 / त्यागः [त्यज्-भावे घञ्] 1 Leaving, forsaking, abandoning, deserting, separation; न माता न पिता न स्त्री न पुत्रस्त्यागमर्हति Ms.8.389;9.79. -2 Giving up, resigning, renouncing; Ms.10.112; सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं ततः कुरु यतात्मवान् Bg.12.11.

11. च - अव्ययम् and 

12. पृथक् - अव्ययम् /123 पृथक् ind. 1 Severally, separately, singly; शङ्खान् दध्मुः पृथक् पृथक् Bg.1.18; Ms.3.26;7.57. -2 Different, separate, distinct; सांख्ययोगौ पृथग् बालाः प्रवदन्ति न पण्डिताः Bg.5.4;13.4; अवतीर्णोऽसि भगवन् स्वेच्छोपात्तपृथग्वपुः Bhāg.11.11.28; रचिता पृथगर्थता गिराम् Ki.2.27. 

अन्वयार्थाः Overall Meaning  

अर्जुन: उवाच  - Arjuna solicited  

महाबाहो संन्यासस्य तत्त्वम् वेदितुम् इच्छामि  I desire to know O mighty-armed, the essence or truth of renunciation, 

हृषीकेश केशिनिषूदन त्यागस्य च (तत्त्वम्) पृथक् (वेदितुम् इच्छामि) O Hrishikesa, O slayer of Kesi, as also of abandonment, distinctly. 

छन्दोविश्लेषणम् 

संन्यासस्य महाबाहो (८ अक्षराणि) “महाबा” एतेषां मात्राः १-२-२ 

तत्त्वमिच्छामि वेदितुम् (८ अक्षराणि) “मि वेदि” एतेषां मात्राः १-२-१ 

त्यागस्य च हृषीकेश (८ अक्षराणि) “हृषीके” एतेषां मात्राः १-२-२ 

पृथक्केशिनिषूदन (८ अक्षराणि) “निषूद” एतेषां मात्राः १-२-१ 

अस्मिन् (१८-१) श्लोके अनुष्टुभ्-छन्दः ।

स्वाध्यायाः Notes of self-study 

(१) There are three words in address case महाबाहो हृषीकेश केशिनिषूदन. They are verily commendations which have now grown in Arjuna’s mind. As many commendations also indicate how ardently Arjuna desires answers to his question or clarification of his doubts.  

(२) This question by Arjuna is similar to the one he asked at the beginning of the fifth chapter. 

संन्यासं कर्मणां कृष्ण पुनर्योगं च शंससि ।

यच्छ्रेय एतयोरेकं तन्मे ब्रूहि सुनिश्चितम् ॥५-१॥

This question was about two antonyms कर्मसंन्यास: as against कर्मयोग:. 

Here the question is about two seeming synonyms संन्यास: vis-a-vis त्याग:. 

(३) Obviously the question here is fairly subtle. Rightly hence Arjuna is seeking distinctive पृथक् explanation, from the fundamentals तत्त्वत:. 

(४) Looks like, we should take it that whatever questions are asked by Arjuna are on our behalf also, for our enlightenment also. But I really wonder whether the very question could have occurred to my mind at the given instance of the flow of the dialogue. 

YouTube video https://youtu.be/3FH8Jz9oenY                                    

॥ शुभमस्तु ॥  

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